The trade show Decorex Cape Town - South Africa's Premier Décor, Design and Lifestyle Expo takes place in Cape Town, South Africa. The frequency o... More »

Leistungsfähiges Messekonzept für die Bau-, Energie- und Einrichtungsbranche

The organisers of Safety & Security Asia (SSA) 2016 welcome you to the 15th International Safety & Security Technology and Equipment Exhibition tha... More »

The trade show CosmoBike Show - International Bicycle Trade Fair takes place in Verona, Italy. The frequency of the trade show is annual.

HOMI MAKER DESIGN AWARD is an initiative of HOMI in association with Artex, Centre for Artistic and Traditional Handicrafts of Tuscany and under th... More »

The Singapore Gifts Show is Singapore’s dedicated gift trade event showcasing top gifts, premiums, lifestyle products and services in the regiona... More »

Asia(Beijing) International Import Food Exposition 2016(AIFE Beijing) which is Asia's largest import (health) food expo.

In 2022 again METAV will be the marketplace for the production technology community: This is where production technology experts from all fields me... More »

The trade show M-Tech - Mechanical Components & Materials Technology Expo is held in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is annual, with ... More »

MEDICAL FAIR INDIA- India’s No. 1 trade fair for hospitals, clinics and health centres, promises to serve as a perfect platform.

The trade show Tecno&Food - Professional Exhibition for Catering, Hotels, Restaurants, Cafés and Communities takes place in Padua, Italy. The freq... More »

Diemould India International Exhibition the most popular mould & die show in India showcasing capabilities of the industry

Africa Health is the continent’s largest healthcare exhibition and is a leading platform for the industry to meet, learn and do business.

Aquatech China 2016 will take place at the newly built National Exhibition and Convention Center (Shanghai). The event will bring together the worl... More »

The 40th JAPAN HOBBY SHOW 2016

Vinitaly,Italy International Wine and Spirits Exhibition 2016

China Beijing International Fair for Trade in Services(CIFTIS) is a comprehensive platform specializing in the trade in services around the world.

Pubblicato il Programma del 59° Congresso degli Amici di Brugg, che si svolgerà a Milano, Marriott Hotel dal 7 al 9 aprile 2016.

DESIGN TOKYO is Japan’s leading trade fair for “marketable” design products. Only the products which passed the screening by designers and st... More »

Chengdu International Travel Expo (CITE) is the first mega-scale tourism exhibition in western China, with the first edition in 2012

The trade show SIEW - Singapore International Energy Week takes place in Singapore, Singapore. The frequency of the trade show is annual. SIEW is h... More »

Seawork Asia is the largest commercial marine and workboat exhibition in the Asian region.

The trade show BJ - BioJapan - World Business Forum is held in Yokohama, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is annual.

Due to its tightly focused profile and carefully targeted audience, Automotive Testing Expo India 2016 is a highly cost-effective sales and marketi... More »

Dalian is an important port and one of the shipbuilding bases in China. It occupies a dominant position in China’s Bohai Bay Shipbuilding Industr... More »

The trade show IOFT - International Optical Fair Tokyo takes place in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is annual. IOFT is held at the ... More »

The trade show ANUFOOD China - powered by anuga - International Trade Fair For Food Retail and Hospitality in Northern.

The trade show ART FAIR TOKYO takes place in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is annual. ART FAIR TOKYO is held at the venue Tokyo Int... More »

EXPOLINGUA is Germany’s International Exhibition on Languages and Cultures

The show covers the whole process of pharmaceutical production and serves as the BEST business platform to see, touch and make practical comparison... More »

Water Today - The Magazine is India's leading English publication providing relevant and up-to-date information on water and wastewater industry

The trade show PLASTIC Osaka - Highly-Functional Plastic Expo Osaka is hosted at Osaka, Japan. The tradeshow's frequency is annual, within highly-f... More »

Interbuild Africa 2016 is the leading building materials, services and construction exhibition in Africa

From May 11-13, 2016 CIMPS will again build a bridge between the Chinese shipbuilding industry and international equipment suppliers.

India Lab expo, India’s largest exhibition on laboratory, scientific, analytical and biotechnology sector attracts international as well as India... More »

The trade show no frills - Travel Technology Expo takes place in Bergamo, Italy. The frequency of the trade show is annual.

The tradeshow TIM Expo Shanghai - China (Shanghai) International Thermal Insulation Material and Energy-saving Technology Expo

MEGA EXPO (BERLIN) LIMITED, headquartered in Hong Kong, is a sister company of leading Hong Kong-based exhibition and event management company, MEG... More »

One of the largest and most influential trade shows in the electric power industry, E-Power covers all aspects of the power industry chain,

The trade show RubberTech China - International Exhibition on Rubber Technology takes place in Shanghai, China, PR. The frequency of the trade show... More »

JIMTOF2016 The 28th Japan International Machine Tool Fair JIMTOF is hosted by the trade show organizers Japan Machine Tool Builders' Association ... More »

Herzlich willkommen auf der offiziellen IAA Fanpage-Seite!

Die FISCH & ANGEL in den Westfalenhallen Dortmund präsentiert vom 9. bis 14. Februar 2016 alles rund um Fisch und Fang für Angelbegeisterte.

The trade show EIMA INTERNATIONAL - International Agricultural Machinery Exhibition takes place in Bologna, Italy. The frequency of the trade show ... More »

The trade show China Hi-Tech Fair - China Hi-Tech Fair Photo-electronics & FPD Expo (FPD EXPO CHINA) is hosted at Shenzhen, China, PR. The tradesho... More »

The main exhibit sectors of the trade show Control China - International Trade Fair for Quality Assurance are: Linear and angular measuring instru... More »

Cosmoprof North America (CPNA) furthered its reputation as the leading B2B beauty trade show by introducing revolutionary technologies and forward-... More »

Live Entertainment & Event Expo is a professional show that is focused on LED display, pro-lighting, pro-audio, and other equipment and services re... More »

The trade show Tube CHINA - The All China International Tube and Pipe Industry Trade Fair takes place in Shanghai, China, PR. The frequency of the ... More »

IFA is a meeting place for global manufacturers and retailers. The trade show offers Suning an excellent platform for market research and networkin... More »

The trade show PHARCON Japan - International Pharmaceutical and Diagnostics R&D Exhibition & Conference is hosted at Tokyo, Japan. The tradeshow's ... More »

At a time when output from mature wells is declining and Asia’s need for energy is at its highest, operators are being pushed to explore more dif... More »

The trade show Cards & Payments Asia - Smart Cards and Payments Tradeshow is held in Singapore, Singapore. The frequency of the trade show is annual.

The trade show CommunicAsia - International Communications and Information Technology Exhibition & Conference takes place in Singapore, Singapore. ... More »

The trade show JFW-IFF - JFW International Fashion Fair is held in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is twice a yearThe trade show JFW-... More »

The trade show Expo Shop China - Exhibition on Solutions and Applications for Shops in China is hosted at Shanghai, China, PR. The tradeshow's freq... More »

In the spring of 2016, the magic city of Shanghai will once again warmly welcome colleagues home and abroad in the field of ophthalmology and optom... More »

As one of the most influential B2B fairs focusing on outbound travel, inbound travel and M.I.C.E., GITF receives wide attention among the tourism i... More »

The trade show ProWine Asia - International Trade Fair for Wines and Spirits takes place in Singapore, Singapore. The frequency of the trade show i... More »

The trade show Restructura - Building and Renovation Fair is hosted at Turin, Italy. The tradeshow's frequency is annual.

The trade show GARDEX - International Garden Expo Tokyo is held in Chiba, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is annual, with several trade fairs

SIAA (Singapore Industrial Automation Association) will be staging "ASIAN ROBOTICS WEEK 2016" on 23-24 Nov 2016 at Marina Bay Sands, Singapore. It ... More »

The International Furniture Fair Singapore, held in conjunction with the ASEAN Furniture Show (IFFS/AFS) The Décor Show and furniPRO Asia, is rega... More »

Leitmesse des Internationalen Fruchthandels .The Leading Trade Fair for the International Fresh Produce

Canadian Gift Association,One of the key services the association offers its members and their retail customers are CanGift's Gift Fairs.

Discover the largest and most significant fine jewellery event in Singapore and the region After a third consecutive year of success, the Singapor... More »

Fachmesse Für Hochwertige Lebensmittel & Ökosoziale Food-Pioniere/// Platform For High-Quality Foods & Eco-Social Food-Pioneers

Experience the whole world of travel at ITB Berlin – all in one location: Countries, cities and regions, tour operators, online booking portals a... More »

Welcome to the official fanpage for Performance Racing Industry. The gateway to the worldwide racing marketplace.

INMEX CHINA is the largest and most established international maritime event in the South China Sea region and will feature an extensive range of c... More »

The trade show IMDI - National Conference and Technology Exhibition on Indian Medical Devices & Plastics Disposables / Implants Industry takes plac... More »

The trade show BioOpto Japan - Specialized Exhibition for Optical Technology Applied to Bio and Medical Industries - Exhibition and Conference is h... More »

The trade show BIOtech Japan - International Bio Technology Exhibition & Conference is held in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is ann... More »

Japan’s multimillion dollar retail bakery and confectionary market is thriving. Patisserie & Bakery Japan will be the place where exhibitors and ... More »

Taiwan External Trade Development Council COMPUTEX TAIPEI has become the largest computer exhibition in Asia.

Herzlich Willkommen beim Heldenmarkt, Deutschlands führender Verbrauchermesse für nachhaltigen Konsum. Fern von Mainstream und konventionellen Ãœ... More »

The 7th edition of ChemProTech India 2016 – International Exhibition on Chemical Processing Technology, Equipment & Supplies will be organized on... More »

Hellenic Organization of International Trade Fairs, Exhibitions Congresses and Events

Kitchen & Bath is a trade fair for kitchen and bathroom furniture in Shanghai. It takes place in conjunction with the International Building & Cons... More »

China Import and Export Fair (also known as the Canton Fair) is established in 1957.

The Interpharm is a unique combination of a highly specialized scientific congress with an accompanying exhibition and integrated pharmaceutical in... More »

The trade show Asian Downstream Week - Conference and Exhibition for the Downstream Refining and Petrochemical Industries takes place in Singapore,... More »

Shanghai External Wall Decoration Materials and Bonding Technology Expo (EDME Expo) is the most influential and famous expo of new external wall de... More »

In Singapore, Singapore, the trade show Retail Technology Show Asia - Exhibition and Conference is held. The trade show's frequency is annual, co-l... More »

The trade show Salone della Giustizia - Justice Trade Fair takes place in Rome, Italy. The frequency of the trade show is annual. Salone della Gius... More »

The show of Fashion-Manufacturing Specialists

WTM Connect China brings together suppliers of international travel product to meet with outbound Chinese buyers.

India’s largest International Exhibition on baby products across Toys, Apparels, Maternity and Baby Care, Baby food.

The Largest and Best Toy Expo in Asia even all over the world.

Cibus Tec worldwide represents one of the main benchmark for technological innovation in the food Industry and a showcase of the best solutions pre... More »

Cremona Fairs is in the centre of the Padana Plain, one of the most important commercial and economic locations for the major European and Italian ... More »

TrendSet is the largest and most important exhibition of its kind in the southern German-speaking area and an absolute must-be-there for the industry

Asia's leading B-to-B ingredients trade show serving as the ultimate venue for pharmaceutical manufacturers to meet, discuss and expand the connect... More »

Started from 2010, Fastener Expo Shanghai has been growing to be Asia's largest exhibition in fastener industry. In 2015, Fastener Expo Shanghai at... More »

COMOCREA founded in 1990 aims at encouraging the export of textile designs by its member - studios. Comocrea brings out the prestige of this sector... More »

The trade show Creamoda Expo - International Fair of Accessories and Components for Clothing, Leather Goods and Footwear is hosted at Bologna, Ital... More »

China Yiwu International Forest Products Fair (Forest Fair for short), hosted by the State Forestry Administration and the People's Government of Z... More »

BTM, India’s premier travel show focused on Business Travel and MICE.

Seatec is the International Exhibition of Technology Subcontracting and Design for Boats, Yachts and Ships.

The main exhibit sectors of the trade show Oishii Japan - Japanese Food and Beverage Exhibition are: Japanese food and drinks, noodle, food machin... More »

In Milan, Italy, the trade show MILANO AUTOCLASSICA - Classic Car Show is held. The trade show's frequency is annual.

Nutrisan, il salone della corretta alimentazione e della salute ha l'obiettivo di diffondere la cultura di un corretto approccio alimentare e nutri... More »

The trade show BARRIER FREE - International Trade Fair on Barrier Free Equipment and Rehabilitation takes place in Osaka, Japan.

The trade show CTEX EXPO (PCB/SMT Show) - Printed Circuit Board Exhibition takes place in Suzhou, China, PR. The frequency of the trade show is ann... More »

METALEX is ASEAN's largest international machine tool and metalworking technology trade exhibition

SPIE is an international society advancing an interdisciplinary approach to the science and application of light

The trade show AB Tech Expo - International Exhibition for Bakery, Pastry and Confectionery takes place in Rimini, Italy. The frequency of the trad... More »

China•Guzhen International Lighting Fair relies on " Lighting Capital of China" and integrates the advantage in resources from lighting industry.

H&B EXPO is a leading trade fair gathering all kinds of health and beauty products, face care products and hair care products etc. It is the best p... More »

The trade show Compotec - International Composites and Related Technologies Exhibition is hosted at Marina di Carrara, Italy. The tradeshow's frequ... More »

The trade show INTERPOMA - International Trade Show for Production, Storage and Marketing of Apples takes place in Bolzano, Italy. The frequency of... More »

International Exhibition & Conference on Technology and Equipment for Prospecting, Extracting and Conveying Underground Fluids

The most important All Asian Sourcing Shows for the gift, premiums, houseware and toy industries, open to trade buyers only.

The trade show AUW - African Utility Week - Exhibition and Conferences takes place in Cape Town, South Africa. The frequency of the trade show is a... More »

N-EXPO (New Environment Exposition) will take filelds not only 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycling) but also Resource Recovery/Recycling, Controll & Impr... More »

The trade show Carp Show & Specialist - Exhibition of Predator Fishing with Artificial Lures takes place in Ferrara, Italy. The frequency of the tr... More »

The Heim+Handwerk Germany's biggest consumer exhibition presents a full ... and lifestyle.

Canada's largest diy consumer show... sew, knit, bead, stitch, quilt, felt, scrapbook, craft, decorate & create! Hands-on learning, inspiration & s... More »

6th International Elevator & Escalator Expo (IEEE) is scheduled to be held on 17th – 19th March 2016 at Bombay Exhibition Center, Mumbai, India. ... More »

Japan is the birthplace of the functional ingredients industry, with its long tradition of enhancing the health benefits of food products. This bud... More »

DMS Nagoya is a long awaited trade show for the manufacturing industry, specialising in IT and systems. It will be held in Nagoya area which is one... More »

The unmissable world bakery, pastry, ice-cream, chocolate and confectionery trade show

The definitive events for anyone with a love of stitch and creative crafts.

The INDIA KNIT FAIR has emerged as one among the most reputed knitwear trade fairs in the world

CERSAIE - International Exhibition of Ceramic Tile and Bathroom Furnishings

The Cologne Art Book Fair öffnet ihre Türen in diesem Sommer – ein Muss für alle, die Künstlerbücher lieben. Der Eintritt ist frei.

The trade show MICE Asia Pacific Expo - Trade Exhibition is hosted at Singapore, Singapore. The tradeshow's frequency is annual.

ExpoTunnel is the exhibition dedicated to the world of tunnelling, drilling, mining, underground construction and research. The third edition takes... More »

Construction machinery trade shows Organizing trade shows for the international construction machinery sector is a core competence of Messe München.

The main exhibit sectors of the trade show ISPO BEIJING - Asia's Leading Sports Business Platform in the Winter Cycle are: MULTI-SEGMENT SPORTS TR... More »

Shanghai UBM Showstar Exhibition Co Ltd is a joint venture company formed in 2011 between Shanghai ShowStar Exhibition Service Co., Ltd. and UBM As... More »

ISM COLOGNE, International Sweets and Biscuits Fair 2016 is going to be organized between 31 January, 2016 and 03 February, 2016.

Since its inception in 2007, Bar Convent Berlin has grown into one of the leading international trade fairs for the bar and beverages industry.

The common thread running throughout MCE 2016 is Global Comfort Technology, a global event, to be considered as a whole, that ties in with the four... More »

The trade show Aircraft Interiors Expo Asia - International Showcase for Aircraft Interior Design and Equipment is hosted at Singapore, Singapore. ... More »

The MEDICA is the world‘s largest medical marketplace annually organised in November in Düsseldorf.

31st AAHAR The largest fair on Food & Hospitality Sector in India

The trade show TANEXPO - International Exhibition of Funeral and Cemetery Art takes place in Bologna, Italy. The frequency of the trade show is bie... More »

Auf Rockstars Daily veröffentlichen wir täglich einen neuen Artikel.

Baselworld is universally recognised as the most important marketplace and trendsetting event for the world's watch and jewellery industry.

For the seventh time running, the professional and public trade fair BERLINER FAHRRADSCHAU (BFS) takes over the halls of the STATION-Berlin at Glei... More »

FMC Provide Best Woodworking Machinery and Furniture Raw Materials for Furniture Production, Decoration and Engineering Fields

InterOpto is the international trade show that unites advanced technologies of photonics, optoelectronics and lasers from Japan and abroad.

India's most focused event for the window, door and façade Industry.Next edition takes place in Mumbai, 25th-27th February, 2016

The trade show M.I.R. Music Inside Rimini - Innovation, Technology, Light & Sound is hosted at Rimini, Italy. The tradeshow's frequency is open.

The CeBIT Facebook page primarily focuses on the latest trends and most innovative startups in IT.

The Auto Expo is a biennial automotive show held in New Delhi, India. It is Asia's largest and the world's second-largest motor show.

To demonstrate the latest achievements and promote the progress of automotive technology

Optical Communications expo had won high concerns and support from telecommunications equipment suppliers, optical devices suppliers, system integr... More »

The trade show Expo Riva Caccia Pesca Ambiente - International Hunting, Fishing and Environmental Exhibition is hosted at Riva del Garda, Italy. Th... More »

Heimtextil is the biggest international trade fair for home and contract textiles.

The trade show MITO AMERICA - American Lifestyle Exhibition takes place in Padua, Italy. The frequency of the trade show is annual, within tuttinfiera

Prepare for a world where your plant operates with maximum efficiency and minimal downtime.Control India held from 7 - 9 April 2016

In Forli, Italy, the trade show Vernice Art Fair - Exhibition for Young Artists is held. The trade show's frequency is annual.

This is the most important annual spring and leisure fair in North Rhine- Westphalia

The trade show SAIE - International Building Exhibition takes place in Bologna, Italy. The frequency of the trade show is annual.

Awareness of food safety is at an all-time high in Japan following a spate of high-profile incidents that have shaken consumer confidence in the qu... More »

The “International Powder Technology Exhibition Tokyo (POWTEX TOKYO 2016)” will be held by The Association of Powder Process Industry and Engin... More »

ALUMINIUM CHINA 2016 is Asia's professional aluminium industry platform, annually held in Shanghai. By presenting customized match making programs,... More »

World’s number one sheet metal exhibition brand takes a new direction for its focus in Asia.

MEDICA 2021– Top in all medical areas The world of medicine meets at MEDICA 2021. A must for anyone who wants to experience tomorrow’s healthc... More »

Riding on the steady growth in the global wind power industry, W-Power (formerly known as CWEE) has gained traction in the trade.

The trade show Franchising & Licensing Asia - FLAsia - International Exhibition for Entrepreneurship, Business Opportunities and Intellectual Prope... More »

The trade show WEDDING EXPO - Show is hosted at Cape Town, South Africa. The tradeshow's frequency is annual.

The trade show Industrial Automation BEIJING - Beijing International Industrial Intelligence & Automation Exhibition is held in Beijing, China, PR.... More »

The trade show Coffeexpo - China (Guangzhou) International Coffee Industry Expo is hosted at Guangzhou, China, PR. The tradeshow's frequency is ann... More »

The trade show CHINA INTERDYE - China International Dye Industry, Pigments and Textile Chemicals Exhibition is hosted at Shanghai, China, PR. The t... More »

World Elevator & Escalator Expo 2016 (WEE Expo 2016), organized by China Elevator Association (CEA), is to be held at National (Shanghai) Center fo... More »

The trade show INTERMOLD - Japan International Die and Mold Manufacturing Technology Exhibition takes place in Osaka, Japan

7th WORLD TEA & COFFEE EXPO 2019 MUMBAI, India’s ONLY International Trade Fair focused on the Tea, Coffee & Allied Sectors shall be held from Thu... More »

The trade show Franchising Nord - Exhibition is hosted at Piacenza, Italy. The tradeshow's frequency is annual.

The trade show Gauteng Outdoor Expo takes place in Johannesburg, South Africa. The frequency of the trade show is annual.

The trade show BroadcastAsia - International Digital Multimedia & Entertainment Technology Exhibition & Conference takes place in Singapore, Singap... More »

Die Energie & Baumesse in Bensheim gibt einen Ãœberblick über Neuheiten und auch bewährte Produkte aus den Bereichen Sanieren, Bauen und Energies... More »

NINGBO INTERNATIONAL FASHION FAIR, IFFAIR for short, is listed as a certified A-level exhibition by Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic o... More »

The trade show C-star - Shanghai International Trade Fair for Solutions and Trends all about Retail takes place in Shanghai, China, PR. The frequen... More »

Ambiente. The Show. The world's most important consumer goods trade fair. In Frankfurt, Germany. 12-16.2.2016. #ambiente16

The trade show XYLEXPO - Biennial World Exhibition for Woodworking Technology and Components for the Furniture Industry takes place in Milan, Italy... More »

The Nightclub & Bar Show is the only industry event for bar & nightlife professionals

Interior Lifestyle Tokyo is an international trade fair for Tokyo to propose lifestyle concepts in interior design markets from around the world.

International High-end Health Edible Oil & Olive Oil Expo”(short for “Global Oil”) was approved by Ministry of Commerce of P.R.C, and organiz... More »

A+A is the world's most important trade fair for all aspects of safety and health in the workplace. As the leading global platform for business, co... More »

Shanghai Ying Zhan Business Service Co., Ltd., a joint-venture with Hong Kong investment, was founded in March, 1997 in Shanghai

The trade show GRINDEX - International Grinding and Surface Finishing Expo takes place in Mumbai, India.

In Johannesburg, South Africa, the trade show IOTAS - Internet of Things Africa Summit - Exhibition and Conference is held. The trade show's freque... More »

The HKTDC’s mission is to create opportunities for Hong Kong companies. We focus on delivering value by promoting trade in goods and services

About We’re a family-owned fair that launched in 1985, the first to specifically unite the antiques and interior design trades. Today we hold... More »

Japan's first show for building & urban development industries Building material, housing equipment, HVAC products, building management service, I... More »

The trade show LED+LIGHT ASIA - Singapore International LED/OLED Lighting Fair takes place in Singapore, Singapore. The frequency of the trade show... More »

The trade show Fastener Fair Italy - Exhibition for Fastener and Fixing Technology is hosted at Milan, Italy. The tradeshow's frequency is open.

The trade show SatComm - The International Satellite Communications Technology and Services Exhibition and Conference takes place in Singapore, Sin... More »

The belektro trade show is a proven industry platform for new product launches.BELEKTRO 2016, The Fair for Electrical Engineering, Electronics and ... More »

In Singapore, Singapore, the trade show The IoTShow - Internet of Things Show is held. The trade show's frequency is annual, with the smart machine... More »

The trade show VICENZAORO September - International Exhibition of Gold, Jewelry, Silverware, Watches and Gemstones takes place in Vicenza, Italy. T... More »

IFE 2016 - The 16th China (Guangzhou) International Food Exhibition & Guangzhou Import Food Exhibition, the professional and authoritative food & b... More »

The Rocket League refers to vehicular soccer like the video game. The rocket-powered car is normally controlled by to hit the ball which appears to... More »

Following the success of the past editions, EnergyMed, the Conference Exhibition on Renewable Sources and Energy Efficiency, has reached its 9th ed... More »

Cosmetologists Chicago protects, builds and drives the salon industry by monitoring and lobbying for professional licenses while providing advanced... More »

The trade show IJT Autumn - International Jewellery Tokyo Autumn is held in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is annual.

In Verona, Italy, the trade show Veronafil - Philatelic, Numismatics and Phonecards Exhibition is held. The trade show's frequency is twice a year.