Prepare for a world where your plant operates with maximum efficiency and minimal downtime.Control India held from 7 - 9 April 2016
CIPS– the largest pet and aquarium products show in Asia-Pacific region, has become a must-attend platform for international companies to expand ... More »
The Nightclub & Bar Show is the only industry event for bar & nightlife professionals
The HKTDC’s mission is to create opportunities for Hong Kong companies. We focus on delivering value by promoting trade in goods and services, wh... More »
Taiwan External Trade Development Council COMPUTEX TAIPEI has become the largest computer exhibition in Asia.
Welcome to SIAL China Facebook page. SIAL CHINA – Asia’s leading food & beverage show invites all visitors
Machines and equipment for the machining of sheet metal, pipes, sections, wire and metal structural work. Dies. Welding. Heat treatments. Surface t... More »
The CeBIT Facebook page primarily focuses on the latest trends and most innovative startups in IT.
We will be happy to welcome you again at the 45th World Money Fair, from February 5th to February 7th, 2016
The trade show Cards & Payments Asia - Smart Cards and Payments Tradeshow is held in Singapore, Singapore. The frequency of the trade show is annual.
P4 EXPO INDIA,Dubai based professional trade fair and conference organizing company
2nd Smart Cities India 2016 expo - Smarter Solutions for a Better Tomorrow
The trade show UWT Expo - China Urban Water and Wastewater Treatment Expo is hosted at Shanghai, China, PR. The tradeshow's frequency is annual, wi... More »
The 3rd edition of World of Concrete India now opens from May 18-20, 2016 in New Delhi, to welcome suppliers from the commercial concrete and const... More »
China International (Guangzhou) Fishery & Seafood Expo 2016 (FISHEX 2016) is an international and professional fishery show, which is organized b... More »
Under the theme of “Greenovation for a Smart Futureâ€, CHINAPLAS 2016 is presenting three concurrent events: “Medical Plastics Conferenceâ€... More »
Vinitaly International is the strategic arm of Vinitaly abroad.
Dalian is an important port and one of the shipbuilding bases in China. It occupies a dominant position in China’s Bohai Bay Shipbuilding Industr... More »
6th International Elevator & Escalator Expo (IEEE) is scheduled to be held on 17th – 19th March 2016 at Bombay Exhibition Center, Mumbai, India. ... More »
Canada's largest diy consumer show... sew, knit, bead, stitch, quilt, felt, scrapbook, craft, decorate & create! Hands-on learning, inspiration & s... More »
HOMI MAKER DESIGN AWARD is an initiative of HOMI in association with Artex, Centre for Artistic and Traditional Handicrafts of Tuscany and under th... More »
In Singapore, Singapore, the trade show The Smart Machine Show Asia - Emerging Technologies' Show is held. The trade show's frequency is annual, wi... More »
As a pillar show under the China International Industry Fair (CIIF), Information and Communication Technology Show (ICTS) focus on gathering and sh... More »
N-EXPO (New Environment Exposition) will take filelds not only 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycling) but also Resource Recovery/Recycling, Controll & Impr... More »
ABILMENTE AUTUNNO Bricolage and Creative Hobbies Exhibition 2016
The trade show Expo Shop China - Exhibition on Solutions and Applications for Shops in China is hosted at Shanghai, China, PR. The tradeshow's freq... More »
The trade show BIBF - Beijing International Book Fair is held in Beijing, China, PR. The frequency of the trade show is annual.
Die FISCH & ANGEL in den Westfalenhallen Dortmund präsentiert vom 9. bis 14. Februar 2016 alles rund um Fisch und Fang für Angelbegeisterte.
FMC Provide Best Woodworking Machinery and Furniture Raw Materials for Furniture Production, Decoration and Engineering Fields
In Singapore, Singapore, the trade show Retail Technology Show Asia - Exhibition and Conference is held. The trade show's frequency is annual, co-l... More »
Japan’s multimillion dollar retail bakery and confectionary market is thriving. Patisserie & Bakery Japan will be the place where exhibitors and ... More »
Indian Exhibitions, Conferences & Events Services Association (IESA) is the apex organization working towards the development of the sector.
The trade show Printing Week - China (Shanghai) International Printing Week takes place in Shanghai, China, PR. The frequency of the trade show is ... More »
SIAA (Singapore Industrial Automation Association) will be staging "ASIAN ROBOTICS WEEK 2016" on 23-24 Nov 2016 at Marina Bay Sands, Singapore. It ... More »
The trade show Busworld CHINA - Beijing - International Trade Fair for the Bus Industry takes place in Beijing, China, PR.
The trade show PHARCON Japan - International Pharmaceutical and Diagnostics R&D Exhibition & Conference is hosted at Tokyo, Japan. The tradeshow's ... More »
RemTech is the most specialized event in Italy on contaminated sites remediation and territory protection and requalification. Its target audience... More »
The MEDICA is the world‘s largest medical marketplace annually organised in November in Düsseldorf.
The trade show IJK - International Jewellery Kobe takes place in Kobe, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is annual. IJK is held at the venue K... More »
The trade show M-Tech - Mechanical Components & Materials Technology Expo is held in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is annual, with ... More »
The World Paper Forum and ITEI have collaborated with “Grow-trees.com†and initiated the first Unique Plantation Programme for Paper Manufactur... More »
India is one of the fastest evolving economies in the world. With a current population of 1.2 billion, it will have the 3rd largest gross domestic ... More »
The trade show Mondo Motori Show - Car and Bycicle Exhibition is hosted at Vicenza, Italy. The tradeshow's frequency is annual
Interbuild Africa 2016 is the leading building materials, services and construction exhibition in Africa
The trade show Japan Aerospace - Japan International Aerospace Exhibition is held in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is every 4 years.
Carrara Marmotec-International Marble, Machinery and Services Exhibition.Free entrance only for trade operators upon on-line registration
Discover the largest and most significant fine jewellery event in Singapore and the region After a third consecutive year of success, the Singapor... More »
4rdEdition of The “ World Tea & Coffee Expoâ€â„¢,is being held at Bombay Exhibition Centre, Mumbai, India.
PV SYSTEM EXPO OSAKA is a specialised exhibition gathering all kinds of products/technologies for PV system installation/integration
The trade show EXPO Ferroviaria - International Railway Industry Exhibition takes place in Turin, Italy. The frequency of the trade show is biennial.
Back in its third year, SMART Facilities Management Solutions is the region’s most comprehensive trade event servicing the facilities management ... More »
Olympia International Art & Antiques Fair is the UK’s largest and most established art and antiques fair, taking place annually in June at London... More »
Welcome to the official fanpage for Performance Racing Industry. The gateway to the worldwide racing marketplace.
NEPCON is one of the longest standing electronics manufacturing events in Asia with over 20 years of history with strong support from leading gover... More »
Organised by independent textile specialists, SPINEXPOTM presents a truly international top level offer in the field of fibres, yarns for knitting,... More »
Pet Fair Asia makes this one-to-one connection possible. We make your business happen.
H&B EXPO is a leading trade fair gathering all kinds of health and beauty products, face care products and hair care products etc. It is the best p... More »
Co-organized by China Center for Food and Drug International Exchange and Messe Düsseldorf (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
In 2022 again METAV will be the marketplace for the production technology community: This is where production technology experts from all fields me... More »
Automation Technology Expo West 2016 is International Industrial Control & Automation Technology Exhibition. Automation Technology Expo West 2016
As the industry’s leading trade fair, TV TecStyle Visions offers, on a two-yearly basis, the perfect platform for topics such as textiles, promo... More »
The trade show Creators' Expo - Trade Fair is hosted at Tokyo, Japan. The tradeshow's frequency is annual, part of content tokyo
7th WORLD TEA & COFFEE EXPO 2019 MUMBAI, India’s ONLY International Trade Fair focused on the Tea, Coffee & Allied Sectors shall be held from Thu... More »
The trade show WEDDING EXPO - Show is hosted at Cape Town, South Africa. The tradeshow's frequency is annual.
Auto e Moto d'Epoca International Exhibition of Vintage Cars and Motorcycles
The show of Fashion-Manufacturing Specialists
Cosmoprof North America (CPNA) furthered its reputation as the leading B2B beauty trade show by introducing revolutionary technologies and forward-... More »
Pharmexpo Pharmaceutical Industry Trade Fair 2016
AAPEX represents the $395 billion global motor vehicle aftermarket. More than 106,000 professionals from around the globe participate in Automotive... More »
The tradeshow TIM Expo Shanghai - China (Shanghai) International Thermal Insulation Material and Energy-saving Technology Expo
Asia's leading B-to-B ingredients trade show serving as the ultimate venue for pharmaceutical manufacturers to meet, discuss and expand the connect... More »
Cremona Fairs is in the centre of the Padana Plain, one of the most important commercial and economic locations for the major European and Italian ... More »
The trade show Asian Downstream Week - Conference and Exhibition for the Downstream Refining and Petrochemical Industries takes place in Singapore,... More »
The trade show The Commercial UAV Show Asia - Exhibition for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles takes place in Singapore, Singapore. The frequency of the tra... More »
The trade show BroadcastAsia - International Digital Multimedia & Entertainment Technology Exhibition & Conference takes place in Singapore, Singap... More »
The trade show Cafe Show China - China International Cafe Show takes place in Beijing, China, PR. The frequency of the trade show is annual. Cafe S... More »
The trade show TANEXPO - International Exhibition of Funeral and Cemetery Art takes place in Bologna, Italy. The frequency of the trade show is bie... More »
WTM Connect China brings together suppliers of international travel product to meet with outbound Chinese buyers.
The trade show AGRI WORLD - AGRITECH JAPAN - International Agricultural Material and Technology Expo Tokyo is held in Chiba, Japan. The frequency o... More »
The tradeshow BIOFACH CHINA - International Organic Trade Fair and Conference served as a presentation platform for 341 exhibitors
The trade show AUW - African Utility Week - Exhibition and Conferences takes place in Cape Town, South Africa. The frequency of the trade show is a... More »
MEDICAL FAIR INDIA- India’s No. 1 trade fair for hospitals, clinics and health centres, promises to serve as a perfect platform.
NGV China 2016, "will be May 11-13, 2016 in NEW China International Exhibition Center, in order to make this show International top-level industry... More »
In Tokyo, Japan, the trade show JITAC EUROPEAN TEXTILE FAIR - European Textile Fair is held. The trade show's frequency is twice a year.
Internationale Schuhschnäppchen vor Ihrer Haustür Europas größte Schuhbörse: AL BUNDY, das power flash outlet !!!
Messe Frankfurt is one of the world’s leading trade fair organisers, generating around €554 million in sales and employing 2,130 people.
GITEX Technology Week. Re-imagining our future
China Yiwu International Forest Products Fair (Forest Fair for short), hosted by the State Forestry Administration and the People's Government of Z... More »
This event showcases products like And a very clear plan: even more service, individual and personal.
IFA is a meeting place for global manufacturers and retailers. The trade show offers Suning an excellent platform for market research and networkin... More »
"EA Sports is a fantastic partner for the Fut 20 Coins
The Overseas P+I will attract 200 high quality overseas properties and investment immigration projects from America, Australia, UK, Canada, Spain, ... More »
The Shanghai East Asia Exhibition Centre is multipurpose complex that offers a wide variety of facilities and services to enhance lifestyle
GIFTEX is Japan's leading trade fair for all kinds of gift items, and consists of 7 specialised shows for general gift items, cutting-edge design p... More »
CERSAIE - International Exhibition of Ceramic Tile and Bathroom Furnishings
China Animal Husbandry Expo, known as CAHE around the world, held from May 18-20 but in different cities every year, is the largest livestock show ... More »
The biggest showcase of the world of electricity, ELECRAMA brings together the complete spectrum of solutions that powers the planet.
In Milan, Italy, the trade show MILANO AUTOCLASSICA - Classic Car Show is held. The trade show's frequency is annual.
Herzlich Willkommen beim Heldenmarkt, Deutschlands führender Verbrauchermesse für nachhaltigen Konsum. Fern von Mainstream und konventionellen Ãœ... More »
The trade show CIBF - China International Battery Fair is held in Shenzhen, China, PR. The frequency of the trade show is biennial.
HOLZ-HANDWERK 2016 in Nuremberg, the European Trade Fair for Machine Technology, Equipment and Supplies for the Wood Craft, focuses on processing a... More »
The Supreme Women & Men in Munich is the mode order platform, when it comes to the most directional trends, and this is traditionally about two wee... More »
KITCHENWARE EXPO is Japan's only trade fair gathering all kinds of kitchenware such as cooking equipment, kitchen goods, kitchen electrical goods, ... More »
The 2016 Progressive® Insurance Miami International Boat Show® is moving from the Miami Beach Convention Center to Miami Marine Stadium Park & Basin
The trade show Indaba - South African Tourism Market is hosted at Durban, South Africa. The tradeshow's frequency is annual.
The 7th edition of ChemProTech India 2016 – International Exhibition on Chemical Processing Technology, Equipment & Supplies will be organized on... More »
EXPOLINGUA is Germany’s International Exhibition on Languages and Cultures
Malaysia’s central position in Asia makes it an ideal trading platform to draw the world’s Halal players in facilitating the sourcing and selli... More »
Pasadena, CA (SportsNetwork. Terrelle Pryor Sr. Jets Jersey .com) - Marcus Mariota stood on the sideline, clapping. He smiled, his helmet nowhere t... More »
Being part of the film and television industry the two main Directors, Kavita Meer and Ramesh Meer decided to create a company “Saicom Trade Fair... More »
PHARMA LAB EXPO 2016 offers you an EXCELLENT opportunity to expand your business in India and international pharma industry
The trade show Franchising & Licensing Asia - FLAsia - International Exhibition for Entrepreneurship, Business Opportunities and Intellectual Prope... More »
In Singapore, Singapore, the trade show e-Commerce Show Asia - Exhibition is held. The trade show's frequency is annual, co-located with cards & pa... More »
The Heim+Handwerk Germany's biggest consumer exhibition presents a full ... and lifestyle.
The trade show Aircraft Interiors Expo Asia - International Showcase for Aircraft Interior Design and Equipment is hosted at Singapore, Singapore. ... More »
In Chiba, Japan, the trade show TECHNO-FRONTIER - Electronics and Mechatronics Exhibition is held. The trade show's frequency is annual.
Global Sources connects professional buyers worldwide with verified suppliers in China & Asia.
Die Energie & Baumesse in Bensheim gibt einen Ãœberblick über Neuheiten und auch bewährte Produkte aus den Bereichen Sanieren, Bauen und Energies... More »
The trade show AUTOCHTONA - Autochthonal Wine Forum takes place in Bolzano, Italy. The frequency of the trade show is annual, with HOTEL.
The fair "Baumesse" is a trade fair on the topics of building, housing, renovation and modernization which takes place annually in various places i... More »
Grand Designs Live brought to you by Black+Decker, the leading cotemporary home, décor, design and garden show in South Africa returns to the Tick... More »
At the 2016 Medical Design & Manufacturing expo, over 2,000 of the most innovative suppliers will be on hand to demonstrate the latest ground-break... More »
SPS IPC Drives is one of the largest international exhibitions for electric automation technology
The Bremen Classic Motorshow is the first major classic car exhibition of the year.
ITB Asia is a annually held three day B2B trade show and convention for the travel industry; it is designed to become the primary event for the Asi... More »
GDS – Global Destination for Shoes & Accessories .The international shoe sector meeting point: GDS in Düsseldorf.
Construction machinery trade shows Organizing trade shows for the international construction machinery sector is a core competence of Messe München.
The trade show Water Expo China - China's First Water Business Exhibition takes place in Beijing, China, PR. The frequency of the trade show is ann... More »
The trade show China Hi-Tech Fair - China Hi-Tech Fair Photo-electronics & FPD Expo (FPD EXPO CHINA) is hosted at Shenzhen, China, PR. The tradesho... More »
The trade show RESTAURO - Exhibition of the Art of Restoration and Conservation of the Cultural and Natural Heritage takes place in Ferrara, Italy.... More »
International High-end Health Edible Oil & Olive Oil Expoâ€(short for “Global Oilâ€) was approved by Ministry of Commerce of P.R.C, and organiz... More »
IIOO Expo is organized by professionals in event management, media and marketing.
The trade show EIMA INTERNATIONAL - International Agricultural Machinery Exhibition takes place in Bologna, Italy. The frequency of the trade show ... More »
Sundown Fashion Lifestyle Exhibition
The trade show IOFT - International Optical Fair Tokyo takes place in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is annual. IOFT is held at the ... More »
A+A is the world's most important trade fair for all aspects of safety and health in the workplace. As the leading global platform for business, co... More »
Started from 2010, Fastener Expo Shanghai has been growing to be Asia's largest exhibition in fastener industry. In 2015, Fastener Expo Shanghai at... More »
The Cologne Art Book Fair öffnet ihre Türen in diesem Sommer – ein Muss für alle, die Künstlerbücher lieben. Der Eintritt ist frei.
Awareness of food safety is at an all-time high in Japan following a spate of high-profile incidents that have shaken consumer confidence in the qu... More »
Welcome to the International Housewares Association Fan Page. Access the latest information and news on the International Home + Housewares Show.
The trade show Tube CHINA - The All China International Tube and Pipe Industry Trade Fair takes place in Shanghai, China, PR. The frequency of the ... More »
The Salone is now into its 55th year, championing innovation and internationality – in fact the number of foreign exhibitors has risen again, now... More »
The belektro trade show is a proven industry platform for new product launches.BELEKTRO 2016, The Fair for Electrical Engineering, Electronics and ... More »
In 2016 the tradeshow ComVac ASIA
PALMâ„¢ Expo is India’s foremost and undisputed and internationally reputed exposition for the pro audio, lighting, live sound, install sound, mu... More »
The trade show AB Tech Expo - International Exhibition for Bakery, Pastry and Confectionery takes place in Rimini, Italy. The frequency of the trad... More »
FLORMART IS THE MOST IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL GARDENING EXHIBITION IN ITALY, REPRESENTING AND BRINGING TOGETHER THE ENTIRE NURSERY GARDENING PRODUCT... More »
China Cross-border e-business in China is estimated to reach 6.5 trillion yuan (US$1.02 trillion) in 2016, with an increase of 30% growth rate and ... More »
Round seven for the unique exhibition for the golf scene in Munich: After the successful sixthperformance being attended by more than 9,800 visitor... More »
The trade show Tokyo Pack - Tokyo International Packaging Exhibition is held in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is biennial.
MEGA EXPO (BERLIN) LIMITED, headquartered in Hong Kong, is a sister company of leading Hong Kong-based exhibition and event management company, MEG... More »
International Vision Expo is a complete eyecare event that is essential for your business. The energetic show floor is a comprehensive showcase pre... More »
The trade show Creators' Expo - Trade Fair is hosted at Tokyo, Japan. The tradeshow's frequency is annual, part of content tokyo
The Rocket League refers to vehicular soccer like the video game. The rocket-powered car is normally controlled by to hit the ball which appears to... More »
MEDICA 2021– Top in all medical areas The world of medicine meets at MEDICA 2021. A must for anyone who wants to experience tomorrow’s healthc... More »
miart is a fair in which modern and contemporary art communicate constant references with explicit echoes; it affords a situation to grasp links be... More »
The trade show IJT Autumn - International Jewellery Tokyo Autumn is held in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is annual.
China's premier trade exhibition for Processing and packaging technologies
Gotha: INTERNATIONAL ANTIQUES EXHIBITION Since 1994 Gotha has been an ideal city of prized antiques that welcomes visitors from all over the wor... More »
The trade show ART FAIR TOKYO takes place in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is annual. ART FAIR TOKYO is held at the venue Tokyo Int... More »
wire China 2016 - The 7th All China International Wire & Cable Industry Trade Fair Taking ten years to sharpen a sword ! wire China,
The trade show CTEX EXPO (PCB/SMT Show) - Printed Circuit Board Exhibition takes place in Suzhou, China, PR. The frequency of the trade show is ann... More »
Sayes, Excellence in Wedding Fairs lands also in the famous Verona’s fair district, to showcase the excellences dedicated to the Wedding world.
The Denver Auto Show is the premier showcase of the newest model year import and domestic vehicles — cars, vans, crossovers, hybrids, light truck... More »
FASHION ACCESS is the must-attend international fashion fair for high quality, affordable bags and footwear, plus smal leathergoods, lifestyle acce... More »
The ever-popular Markex show has been completely revamped and will evolve from 2016, with a targeted promotional product event aimed specifically a... More »
The trade show Coffeexpo - China (Guangzhou) International Coffee Industry Expo is hosted at Guangzhou, China, PR. The tradeshow's frequency is ann... More »
The trade show N-PLEX - New & Next Plastic Exhibition is held in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is annual, within N-PLUS.
India’s largest International Exhibition on baby products across Toys, Apparels, Maternity and Baby Care, Baby food.
PREMIUM INTERNATIONAL FASHION TRADE SHOW
Auf Rockstars Daily veröffentlichen wir täglich einen neuen Artikel.
The Stadia & Arena annual conference and exhibition is PanStadia & Arena Management magazine’s annual meeting of the world’s sports venue owner... More »
FeuerTRUTZ is Germany’s first trade fair and congress that combines solutions for building, equipment and organizational fire protection.
Since 1972 FARBE, AUSBAU & FASSADE is a specialised trade fair dealing with the subject of paint, development, façades, preservation of structures... More »
Organized by China Stone Materials Association and CCPIT, China (North) International Stone Fair is the top stone fair in northern China.
The main exhibit sectors of the trade show BEX - Build Eco Xpo Asia - The Leading Green Building Exhibition in Southeast Asia are: Concrete & Stru... More »
FIERA CAMPIONARIA - LA FIERA DI MAGGIO Padua International Fair
The trade show African EduWeek - SABC African Education Week takes place in Johannesburg, South Africa. The frequency of the trade show is annual
Pollutec China provides an effective marketing platform for environmental protection solutions providers to demonstrate and showcase their cutting-... More »
The trade show BARRIER FREE - International Trade Fair on Barrier Free Equipment and Rehabilitation takes place in Osaka, Japan.
CIMES 2016 is a truly global machine tool trading and sourcing platform hosted in the world’s biggest machine tool market: China.
Real-Invest 2016, the urbane event, will focus on the entire life cycle of real estate, from conception and development, financing and realization ... More »
The trade show Professional Beauty Durban - Exhibition for Beauty Products, Services and Equipment takes place in Durban, South Africa. The frequen... More »
Beauty & Personal Care Trade Shows in Ireland (Europe) (skin, cosmetics, cosmetician, aesthetics, beautician, manicurist, hair, hairdressing, h... More »
The trade show IMDI - National Conference and Technology Exhibition on Indian Medical Devices & Plastics Disposables / Implants Industry takes plac... More »
India's Largest Professional B2B Annual Trade Show for the Food, Drink and Hospitality Market
ASD has been bringing buyers and sellers together. See what ASD can do for your business!
The trade show PackPlus South - The Total Packaging, Processing and Supply Chain Event is hosted at Hyderabad, India. The tradeshow's frequency is ... More »
The Auto Expo is a biennial automotive show held in New Delhi, India. It is Asia's largest and the world's second-largest motor show.
International Exhibition & Conference on Technology and Equipment for Prospecting, Extracting and Conveying Underground Fluids
Herzlich willkommen auf der offiziellen IAA Fanpage-Seite!
The trade show Restructura - Building and Renovation Fair is hosted at Turin, Italy. The tradeshow's frequency is annual.
The trade show Sino Dental - China International Dental Equipment and Affiliated Facilities Exhibition takes place in Beijing, China, PR. The frequ... More »
As the largest professional licensing-focused exhibition in Asia, exclusive sponsored by LIMA, China Licensing Expo is widely recognized as the mos... More »
TABLEWARE EXPO is Japan's only trade fair gathering all kinds of tableware such as Western style tableware, Japanese style tableware, lacquer, tabl... More »
The trade show MITO AMERICA - American Lifestyle Exhibition takes place in Padua, Italy. The frequency of the trade show is annual, within tuttinfiera
The trade show C-star - Shanghai International Trade Fair for Solutions and Trends all about Retail takes place in Shanghai, China, PR. The frequen... More »
Kitchen & Bath is a trade fair for kitchen and bathroom furniture in Shanghai. It takes place in conjunction with the International Building & Cons... More »
Music China – the leading fair for musical instruments in Asia
In Verona, Italy, the trade show Veronafil - Philatelic, Numismatics and Phonecards Exhibition is held. The trade show's frequency is twice a year.