Machines and equipment for the machining of sheet metal, pipes, sections, wire and metal structural work. Dies. Welding. Heat treatments. Surface t... More »
The trade show Fenestration China - International Exhibition on Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Wall Technology, Components and Prefabricated... More »
The trade show Carp Show & Specialist - Exhibition of Predator Fishing with Artificial Lures takes place in Ferrara, Italy. The frequency of the tr... More »
The fair "Baumesse" is a trade fair on the topics of building, housing, renovation and modernization which takes place annually in various places i... More »
The trade show Food & Hospitality Africa - International Food and Hospitality Trade Fair is hosted at Johannesburg, South Africa. The tradeshow's f... More »
MEDICA 2021– Top in all medical areas The world of medicine meets at MEDICA 2021. A must for anyone who wants to experience tomorrow’s healthc... More »
JIMTOF2016 The 28th Japan International Machine Tool Fair JIMTOF is hosted by the trade show organizers Japan Machine Tool Builders' Association ... More »
InterOpto is the international trade show that unites advanced technologies of photonics, optoelectronics and lasers from Japan and abroad.
The trade show VICENZAORO September - International Exhibition of Gold, Jewelry, Silverware, Watches and Gemstones takes place in Vicenza, Italy. T... More »
The trade show Tube CHINA - The All China International Tube and Pipe Industry Trade Fair takes place in Shanghai, China, PR. The frequency of the ... More »
Round seven for the unique exhibition for the golf scene in Munich: After the successful sixthperformance being attended by more than 9,800 visitor... More »
Heimtextil is the biggest international trade fair for home and contract textiles.
The trade show Tokyo Pack - Tokyo International Packaging Exhibition is held in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is biennial.
The trade show ProWine Asia - International Trade Fair for Wines and Spirits takes place in Singapore, Singapore. The frequency of the trade show i... More »
Under the theme of “Greenovation for a Smart Futureâ€, CHINAPLAS 2016 is presenting three concurrent events: “Medical Plastics Conferenceâ€... More »
Indian Ceramics is only B2B event which focuses on the suppliers of Machinery, Raw material, technology and other supplies need by the ceramic indu... More »
The World Paper Forum and ITEI have collaborated with “Grow-trees.com†and initiated the first Unique Plantation Programme for Paper Manufactur... More »
The trade show SIEW - Singapore International Energy Week takes place in Singapore, Singapore. The frequency of the trade show is annual. SIEW is h... More »
The trade show SBW Expo - International High-end Bottled Drinking Water Expo is hosted at Beijing, China, PR. The tradeshow's frequency is twice a ... More »
The trade show AGRI WORLD - AGRITECH JAPAN - International Agricultural Material and Technology Expo Tokyo is held in Chiba, Japan. The frequency o... More »
The trade show Cafe Show China - China International Cafe Show takes place in Beijing, China, PR. The frequency of the trade show is annual. Cafe S... More »
IIOO Expo is organized by professionals in event management, media and marketing.
At a time when output from mature wells is declining and Asia’s need for energy is at its highest, operators are being pushed to explore more dif... More »
At the 2016 Medical Design & Manufacturing expo, over 2,000 of the most innovative suppliers will be on hand to demonstrate the latest ground-break... More »
Vinitaly,Italy International Wine and Spirits Exhibition 2016
The annual Starch Expo is the only professional starch trade fair in Asia. It was launched in 2006 and has grown with the development of the starch... More »
The trade show IFIA JAPAN - International Food Ingredients and Additives Exhibition and Conference is held in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the tr... More »
The ever-popular Markex show has been completely revamped and will evolve from 2016, with a targeted promotional product event aimed specifically a... More »
The trade show Tank Storage Asia - Storage Terminal Operations Conference and Exhibition takes place in Singapore, Singapore. The frequency of the ... More »
Fachmesse Für Hochwertige Lebensmittel & Ökosoziale Food-Pioniere/// Platform For High-Quality Foods & Eco-Social Food-Pioneers
The trade show LED+LIGHT ASIA - Singapore International LED/OLED Lighting Fair takes place in Singapore, Singapore. The frequency of the trade show... More »
The trade show Creamoda Expo - International Fair of Accessories and Components for Clothing, Leather Goods and Footwear is hosted at Bologna, Ital... More »
COMOCREA founded in 1990 aims at encouraging the export of textile designs by its member - studios. Comocrea brings out the prestige of this sector... More »
The India International Home Textiles Exhibition 2016 (HOMTEX), now into its fourth year, will ride on the crest of a reviving economy that will fu... More »
The show covers the whole process of pharmaceutical production and serves as the BEST business platform to see, touch and make practical comparison... More »
NGV China 2016, "will be May 11-13, 2016 in NEW China International Exhibition Center, in order to make this show International top-level industry... More »
SPS IPC Drives is one of the largest international exhibitions for electric automation technology
PV SYSTEM EXPO OSAKA is a specialised exhibition gathering all kinds of products/technologies for PV system installation/integration
The show of Fashion-Manufacturing Specialists
Leistungsfähiges Messekonzept für die Bau-, Energie- und Einrichtungsbranche
The trade show EXPO Ferroviaria - International Railway Industry Exhibition takes place in Turin, Italy. The frequency of the trade show is biennial.
The trade show JFW-IFF - JFW International Fashion Fair is held in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is twice a yearThe trade show JFW-... More »
TrendSet is the largest and most important exhibition of its kind in the southern German-speaking area and an absolute must-be-there for the industry
Interior Lifestyle Tokyo is an international trade fair for Tokyo to propose lifestyle concepts in interior design markets from around the world.
The most important International Fair for Optics, Optometry and Ophthalmology. Use #MIDO2016 #NeverEndingWonder!
The 3rd edition of World of Concrete India now opens from May 18-20, 2016 in New Delhi, to welcome suppliers from the commercial concrete and const... More »
Trade fair for trends and innovations in the hairdressing and cosmetics industry
Africa Health is the continent’s largest healthcare exhibition and is a leading platform for the industry to meet, learn and do business.
The trade show LiberBerlin - International Antiquarian Book and Print Fair takes place in Berlin, Germany.
The trade show Asian Downstream Week - Conference and Exhibition for the Downstream Refining and Petrochemical Industries takes place in Singapore,... More »
NINGBO INTERNATIONAL FASHION FAIR, IFFAIR for short, is listed as a certified A-level exhibition by Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic o... More »
Official optical trade exhibition in China and one of the largest optical exhibitions in Asia that showcases most of the international brands and p... More »
The trade show ART FAIR TOKYO takes place in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is annual. ART FAIR TOKYO is held at the venue Tokyo Int... More »
The tradeshow BIOFACH CHINA - International Organic Trade Fair and Conference served as a presentation platform for 341 exhibitors
The trade show RubberTech China - International Exhibition on Rubber Technology takes place in Shanghai, China, PR. The frequency of the trade show... More »
The 16th Xinjiang International Agricultural Fair was successfully held on August 8th-10th 2016, at China Xinjiang International Exhibition Center.... More »
Pharmexpo Pharmaceutical Industry Trade Fair 2016
From May 11-13, 2016 CIMPS will again build a bridge between the Chinese shipbuilding industry and international equipment suppliers.
Canada's largest diy consumer show... sew, knit, bead, stitch, quilt, felt, scrapbook, craft, decorate & create! Hands-on learning, inspiration & s... More »
PHARMA LAB EXPO 2016 offers you an EXCELLENT opportunity to expand your business in India and international pharma industry
Since 49 years, Cosmoprof Worldwide Bologna is the leading 360° worldwide event for the professional beauty sector and an international platform f... More »
6th International Hardware & Tools Expo Tokyo (TOOL JAPAN) organising 123 industry trade exhibitions each year across a wide sphere of industries
The trade show UWT Expo - China Urban Water and Wastewater Treatment Expo is hosted at Shanghai, China, PR. The tradeshow's frequency is annual, wi... More »
The Las Vegas Antique Jewelry & Watch Show is the largest trade only event serving the antique and estate jewelry and watch industry.
The Nightclub & Bar Show is the only industry event for bar & nightlife professionals
China Cross-border e-business in China is estimated to reach 6.5 trillion yuan (US$1.02 trillion) in 2016, with an increase of 30% growth rate and ... More »
Children's Apparel, Accessories, Footwear, Gifts and more....Trade Show
The trade show MICE Asia Pacific Expo - Trade Exhibition is hosted at Singapore, Singapore. The tradeshow's frequency is annual.
The Denver Auto Show is the premier showcase of the newest model year import and domestic vehicles — cars, vans, crossovers, hybrids, light truck... More »
The GiveADays in Stuttgart is a trade fair for the promotional products industry.
We will be happy to welcome you again at the 45th World Money Fair, from February 5th to February 7th, 2016
The Stadia & Arena annual conference and exhibition is PanStadia & Arena Management magazine’s annual meeting of the world’s sports venue owner... More »
Sourcing at Magic is a 3 day event being held from 16th February to the 18th February 2016 at the Las Vegas Convention Center in Las Vegas, United ... More »
The belektro trade show is a proven industry platform for new product launches.BELEKTRO 2016, The Fair for Electrical Engineering, Electronics and ... More »
In 2016 the tradeshow ComVac ASIA
The 6th edition of BuildTech Asia is the region’s leading trade show for the building and construction industry that addresses the challenges of ... More »
ACREX India is South Asia's largest exhibition on Air Conditioning, Ventilation, Refrigeration & Building Services.
The trade show Cards & Payments Asia - Smart Cards and Payments Tradeshow is held in Singapore, Singapore. The frequency of the trade show is annual.
The trade show Submarine Networks World - International Conference and Exhibition is hosted at Singapore, Singapore. The tradeshow's frequency is a... More »
The trade show TANEXPO - International Exhibition of Funeral and Cemetery Art takes place in Bologna, Italy. The frequency of the trade show is bie... More »
The trade show Compotec - International Composites and Related Technologies Exhibition is hosted at Marina di Carrara, Italy. The tradeshow's frequ... More »
EXPOLINGUA is Germany’s International Exhibition on Languages and Cultures
Prime Source Forum (PSF) does not limit to the sourcing aspect of the supply chain only but sources of information of the fashion industry
Taiwan External Trade Development Council COMPUTEX TAIPEI has become the largest computer exhibition in Asia.
The trade show Oil & Gas World Expo - International Exhibition and Conferences is hosted at Mumbai, India. The tradeshow's frequency is biennial, w... More »
The trade show CDS - China Dental Show takes place in Shanghai, China, PR. The frequency of the trade show is annual. CDS is held at the venue Nati... More »
"EA Sports is a fantastic partner for the Fut 20 Coins
ASD has been bringing buyers and sellers together. See what ASD can do for your business!
India's most focused event for the window, door and façade Industry.Next edition takes place in Mumbai, 25th-27th February, 2016
GIFTEX is Japan's leading trade fair for all kinds of gift items, and consists of 7 specialised shows for general gift items, cutting-edge design p... More »
Nutrisan, il salone della corretta alimentazione e della salute ha l'obiettivo di diffondere la cultura di un corretto approccio alimentare e nutri... More »
In Tokyo, Japan, the trade show JITAC EUROPEAN TEXTILE FAIR - European Textile Fair is held. The trade show's frequency is twice a year.
The trade show Coffeexpo - China (Guangzhou) International Coffee Industry Expo is hosted at Guangzhou, China, PR. The tradeshow's frequency is ann... More »
The definitive events for anyone with a love of stitch and creative crafts.
The trade show PLASTIC Osaka - Highly-Functional Plastic Expo Osaka is hosted at Osaka, Japan. The tradeshow's frequency is annual, within highly-f... More »
The trade show Sewage Works Exhibition - Japan Global Expo takes place in Nagoya, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is annual, rotating locati... More »
The MEDICA is the world‘s largest medical marketplace annually organised in November in Düsseldorf.
The trade show The Commercial UAV Show Asia - Exhibition for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles takes place in Singapore, Singapore. The frequency of the tra... More »
The trade show PHARCON Japan - International Pharmaceutical and Diagnostics R&D Exhibition & Conference is hosted at Tokyo, Japan. The tradeshow's ... More »
Since its inception in 2007, Bar Convent Berlin has grown into one of the leading international trade fairs for the bar and beverages industry.
The trade show MCE Asia - Mostra Convegno Expocomfort Asia - The Platform for Energy-Efficient Cooling, Water, Energy and Heating Solutions in the ... More »
The trade show BioOpto Japan - Specialized Exhibition for Optical Technology Applied to Bio and Medical Industries - Exhibition and Conference is h... More »
Being part of the film and television industry the two main Directors, Kavita Meer and Ramesh Meer decided to create a company “Saicom Trade Fair... More »
Japan IT Week is truly Japan's largest trade show where you can find any kinds of latest IT technologies/solutions. A great number of information s... More »
The HKTDC’s mission is to create opportunities for Hong Kong companies. We focus on delivering value by promoting trade in goods and services, wh... More »
Ambiente. The Show. The world's most important consumer goods trade fair. In Frankfurt, Germany. 12-16.2.2016. #ambiente16
The Mid-America Trucking Show is the largest annual heavy-duty trucking event in the world
METALEX is ASEAN's largest international machine tool and metalworking technology trade exhibition
The Alternative Fuels World Fair & Conferences will take place on May 25-28, 2016 in Bologna, Italy at the Bologna Fiere. The event provides an ex... More »
Auto e Moto d'Epoca International Exhibition of Vintage Cars and Motorcycles
The trade show Decorex Cape Town - South Africa's Premier Décor, Design and Lifestyle Expo takes place in Cape Town, South Africa. The frequency o... More »
KITCHENWARE EXPO is Japan's only trade fair gathering all kinds of kitchenware such as cooking equipment, kitchen goods, kitchen electrical goods, ... More »
6th International Elevator & Escalator Expo (IEEE) is scheduled to be held on 17th – 19th March 2016 at Bombay Exhibition Center, Mumbai, India. ... More »
The trade show Aircraft Interiors Expo Asia - International Showcase for Aircraft Interior Design and Equipment is hosted at Singapore, Singapore. ... More »
The Auto Expo is a biennial automotive show held in New Delhi, India. It is Asia's largest and the world's second-largest motor show.
DESIGN TOKYO is Japan’s leading trade fair for “marketable†design products. Only the products which passed the screening by designers and st... More »
The International Dairy Cattle Show is the most important European exhibition in the dairy industry, and it is certainly one of the major events of... More »
BIOFACH is the world leading trade fair for organic food. 10 - 13 February 2016, Nürnberg, Germany. Professionals only
The trade show EXPOSANITÀ - International Health Care and Assistance Exhibition takes place in Bologna, Italy. The frequency of the trade show is ... More »
FIERA CAMPIONARIA - LA FIERA DI MAGGIO Padua International Fair
The trade show Parking China - Exhibition for the Parking Industry takes place in Shanghai, China, PR. The frequency of the trade show is annual, 2... More »
The trade show Gluten Free Expo - International Exhibition for Gluten-free Products and Diet takes place in Rimini, Italy. The frequency of the tra... More »
Agriculture, with its allied sectors, is unquestionably the largest livelihood provider in India, more so in the vast rural areas.
BTM, India’s premier travel show focused on Business Travel and MICE.
The trade show COSMOFARMA - International Exhibition for Products and Services for Health, Wellness and Beauty offered in the Pharmacy takes place ... More »
Sayes, Excellence in Wedding Fairs lands also in the famous Verona’s fair district, to showcase the excellences dedicated to the Wedding world.
The Supreme Women & Men in Munich is the mode order platform, when it comes to the most directional trends, and this is traditionally about two wee... More »
HOMI is a great project, synonymous with new opportunities for collaboration and doing business. To be experienced together, so that we can write n... More »
The trade show CosmoBike Show - International Bicycle Trade Fair takes place in Verona, Italy. The frequency of the trade show is annual.
The trade show Professional Beauty Durban - Exhibition for Beauty Products, Services and Equipment takes place in Durban, South Africa. The frequen... More »
13th International Flower Expo Tokyo (IFEX)The trade show is hosted and organised by the trade show organizers Japan Floral Marketing Association (... More »
The trade show NPC - Healthplex & Nutraceutical China - Exhibition for Dietary Supplements is hosted at Shanghai, China, PR. The tradeshow's freque... More »
Intertraffic - connecting businesses and traffic professionals worldwide
Dalian is an important port and one of the shipbuilding bases in China. It occupies a dominant position in China’s Bohai Bay Shipbuilding Industr... More »
Since 1997 Unione Italiana Vini with the brand ENOVITIS has been organizing events dedicated to the field of wine- and olive-growing products, equi... More »
IndiaWood2016, is one of the world’s largest biennial woodworking event bringing together market leaders in furniture production, woodworking mac... More »
World Elevator & Escalator Expo 2016 (WEE Expo 2016), organized by China Elevator Association (CEA), is to be held at National (Shanghai) Center fo... More »
Hellenic Organization of International Trade Fairs, Exhibitions Congresses and Events
The World Cities Summit 2016 will explore how cities can better govern and build up resilience through policy, technology and social innovations. W... More »
The trade show ROMICS - Comics and Animation Festival takes place in Rome, Italy. The frequency of the trade show is twice a year.
IFA is a meeting place for global manufacturers and retailers. The trade show offers Suning an excellent platform for market research and networkin... More »
The trade show Salone della Giustizia - Justice Trade Fair takes place in Rome, Italy. The frequency of the trade show is annual. Salone della Gius... More »
PREMIUM INTERNATIONAL FASHION TRADE SHOW
It was first held in Frankfurt am Main in 1909, and as such can lay claim to being the oldest aviation show in the world.
International Exhibition & Conference on Technology and Equipment for Prospecting, Extracting and Conveying Underground Fluids
The trade show African EduWeek - SABC African Education Week takes place in Johannesburg, South Africa. The frequency of the trade show is annual
The Hanse Golf is the largest golf sales fair in northern Germany, which takes place once a year in Hamburg. It is purely a consumer exhibition and... More »
Enolitech is a vital tool for promotion and market opportunities. The exhibition is entirely dedicated to the wine and olive oil value chain: machi... More »
ISM COLOGNE, International Sweets and Biscuits Fair 2016 is going to be organized between 31 January, 2016 and 03 February, 2016.
ITB Asia is a annually held three day B2B trade show and convention for the travel industry; it is designed to become the primary event for the Asi... More »
Established since 2002, G-Power has become a trusted turnkey business platform for industry professionals. Every year,
The main exhibit sectors of the trade show Oishii Japan - Japanese Food and Beverage Exhibition are: Japanese food and drinks, noodle, food machin... More »
The trade show Restructura - Building and Renovation Fair is hosted at Turin, Italy. The tradeshow's frequency is annual.
The “International Powder Technology Exhibition Tokyo (POWTEX TOKYO 2016)†will be held by The Association of Powder Process Industry and Engin... More »
In Johannesburg, South Africa, the trade show IOTAS - Internet of Things Africa Summit - Exhibition and Conference is held. The trade show's freque... More »
The trade show BIOtech Japan - International Bio Technology Exhibition & Conference is held in Tokyo, Japan. The frequency of the trade show is ann... More »
Over the years, Lines Exposition has a track record of staging successful trade and consumer exhibitions and it has seen Lines grow from strength t... More »
In Singapore, Singapore, the trade show The IoTShow - Internet of Things Show is held. The trade show's frequency is annual, with the smart machine... More »
The trade show ECOMONDO - International Trade Fair of Material and Energy Recovery and Sustainable Development takes place in Rimini, Italy. The fr... More »
Prepare for a world where your plant operates with maximum efficiency and minimal downtime.Control India held from 7 - 9 April 2016
The trade show GRINDEX - International Grinding and Surface Finishing Expo takes place in Mumbai, India.
Gotha: INTERNATIONAL ANTIQUES EXHIBITION Since 1994 Gotha has been an ideal city of prized antiques that welcomes visitors from all over the wor... More »
The trade show productronica China - International Trade Fair for Innovative Electronics Production takes place in Shanghai, China, PR. The frequen... More »
As one of the most influential B2B fairs focusing on outbound travel, inbound travel and M.I.C.E., GITF receives wide attention among the tourism i... More »
The unmissable world bakery, pastry, ice-cream, chocolate and confectionery trade show
The trade show SEAexpo - Showbiz, Entertainment & Arts Expo is hosted at Johannesburg, South Africa. The tradeshow's frequency is annual, part of t... More »
Welcome to SIAL China Facebook page. SIAL CHINA – Asia’s leading food & beverage show invites all visitors
This is the most important annual spring and leisure fair in North Rhine- Westphalia
Japan is the birthplace of the functional ingredients industry, with its long tradition of enhancing the health benefits of food products. This bud... More »
The trade show CIM - China Injection Moulding - China International Exhibition on Plastics and Rubber Injection Moulding Industry is hosted at Tian... More »
7th WORLD TEA & COFFEE EXPO 2019 MUMBAI, India’s ONLY International Trade Fair focused on the Tea, Coffee & Allied Sectors shall be held from Thu... More »
Diemould India International Exhibition the most popular mould & die show in India showcasing capabilities of the industry
The Singapore Gifts Show is Singapore’s dedicated gift trade event showcasing top gifts, premiums, lifestyle products and services in the regiona... More »
BABYWELT - Deutschlands große Messe rund um Ihr Kind in Hamburg, NEU in Dresden, Essen, NEU in Frankfurt, München, Berlin und Stuttgart
Following the success of the past editions, EnergyMed, the Conference Exhibition on Renewable Sources and Energy Efficiency, has reached its 9th ed... More »
The Salone is now into its 55th year, championing innovation and internationality – in fact the number of foreign exhibitors has risen again, now... More »
The trade show Indaba - South African Tourism Market is hosted at Durban, South Africa. The tradeshow's frequency is annual.
Vinitaly International is the strategic arm of Vinitaly abroad.
ICE China is China's only independent exhibition for the paper, film, foil and non-wovens converting industry. It offers its audience a comprehensi... More »
The China Shunde International Exposition for Household Electrical Appliances (Shunde Expo) is bringing together thousands of industry professional... More »
The trade show INTER AIRPORT CHINA - International Exhibition for Airport Equipment, Technology and Services takes place in Beijing, China, PR. The... More »
Cool Kids Fashion Shanghai, a premium exhibition space, is the fashion trade event focused on kids fashion in China
Olympia International Art & Antiques Fair is the UK’s largest and most established art and antiques fair, taking place annually in June at London... More »
The trade show BARRIER FREE - International Trade Fair on Barrier Free Equipment and Rehabilitation takes place in Osaka, Japan.
World’s number one sheet metal exhibition brand takes a new direction for its focus in Asia.
In Singapore, Singapore, the trade show e-Commerce Show Asia - Exhibition is held. The trade show's frequency is annual, co-located with cards & pa... More »
For the seventh time running, the professional and public trade fair BERLINER FAHRRADSCHAU (BFS) takes over the halls of the STATION-Berlin at Glei... More »
Construction machinery trade shows Organizing trade shows for the international construction machinery sector is a core competence of Messe München.
The main exhibit sectors of the trade show ISPO BEIJING - Asia's Leading Sports Business Platform in the Winter Cycle are: MULTI-SEGMENT SPORTS TR... More »
The trade show Industrial Automation BEIJING - Beijing International Industrial Intelligence & Automation Exhibition is held in Beijing, China, PR.... More »
For more than 50 years, CES® has been the global stage for innovation. And the all-digital CES 2021 will continue to be a platform to launch produ... More »
Shanghai UBM Showstar Exhibition Co Ltd is a joint venture company formed in 2011 between Shanghai ShowStar Exhibition Service Co., Ltd. and UBM As... More »
International High-end Health Edible Oil & Olive Oil Expoâ€(short for “Global Oilâ€) was approved by Ministry of Commerce of P.R.C, and organiz... More »
China International (Guangzhou) Fishery & Seafood Expo 2016 (FISHEX 2016) is an international and professional fishery show, which is organized b... More »
Die Energie & Baumesse in Bensheim gibt einen Ãœberblick über Neuheiten und auch bewährte Produkte aus den Bereichen Sanieren, Bauen und Energies... More »
The International Furniture Fair Singapore, held in conjunction with the ASEAN Furniture Show (IFFS/AFS) The Décor Show and furniPRO Asia, is rega... More »
In 2022 again METAV will be the marketplace for the production technology community: This is where production technology experts from all fields me... More »
Herzlich Willkommen beim Heldenmarkt, Deutschlands führender Verbrauchermesse für nachhaltigen Konsum. Fern von Mainstream und konventionellen Ãœ... More »
CIMES 2016 is a truly global machine tool trading and sourcing platform hosted in the world’s biggest machine tool market: China.
Interbuild Africa 2016 is the leading building materials, services and construction exhibition in Africa